Why Ireland for Global Myths?
Why might Ireland be an appropriate host for a project focussed on a retelling in an Oral Form of some of the World’s Great Mythologies? There are a number of reasons that can be suggested:
THE CESAIR JOURNEY
In the Mythic History of Ireland the first person and peoples to arrive are Cesair and 50 women, the “Mothers of the World” and three men, one of which was her lover Fintan MacBochna. She had led her people on a remarkable journey from Meroe in Northern Sudan -the part of the world where it all began!
Noah had no place for her on the Arc because he decided she was consorting with thieves, Instead of feeling sorry for herself, she took matters in to her own hands, built three Arks and set off to “start again”. In this remarkable Journey, she would have encountered the creation mythologies of what would have been all the (then) known cultures of the world.
Now this does, of course, make it a strongly Western Creation Story that obviously omits the Asian, Americas and Australias. With that qualification in mind this Irish Myth of Origins story is one that was an imagined ‘from everywhere’ and at that time would have been seen as all that there was! It was certainly unlike so many of the other Creation Stories of the great mythologies of the world. See the image for the Cesair Journey.
THE MYTHOLOGICAL CYCLE
The founding great book of Ireland is Lebor Gabála Érenn, the Book of Invasions. It tells firstly of the Cesair Journey as we have just seen. The next peoples to arrive are the Partholonians and it is they who found three forms of livelihood that survives to this day: agriculture, brewing and tourism before they are destroyed in a plague ( an ancient Covid 19!).
Next are the Nemedians and it is their role to build an infrastructure to ensure on-going prosperity. But such was the cruelty and unfair taxes imposed on them by the Formorians that they were forced to scatter to the four corners of the world. Some of their people went to Greece where they were subject to more hardship and cruelty before returning to Ireland as the Fir Bolg, the Bag People with their wonderful idea of the division of Ireland as “cuige”, the five that are four plus the mighty distributed idea of the Fifth Province.
Finally it was another of the dispersed peoples, the Tuatha De Danaan, The People of the Goddess Danu. They were to arrive from the North in a mist with their magic and their four great gifts. They were to burn their boats as an indication of an intention to stay. Having defeated the Formorians at the Second Battle of Moytura they were to prosper until the arrival of Amerghin and the Sons of Mil. These were the Celts. And they were to end up in a Battle with the Tuatha De Danaan at Tailtiu. For some this defeat was a absolute tragedy because it was a defeat for the Goddess People, the builders of the great neolithic monuments that populate the landscape.
All in all this is clearly a Mythology of a peoples that are many peoples. The Irish foundation story is one of Immigration and Emigration and Exile and a case for “the people from somewhere else”.
THE TOWER OF BABEL
The Irish were at the Tower of Babel according to the first book Lebor Gabála Érenn. This was the legendary King Fénius Farsaid and his son Nél. The son was a great linguist. He was to marry the daughter of a pharoah, Scota. They had a son, Goidel Glas, who along with 72 chieftains built Nimrod’s Tower. What we all know is the problem of communication with the multiple languages of all the peoples at the Tower. Fenius was to return to his homeland Scythia when the Tower collapsed.
The story goes that Fenius was determined to make something of the multiple languages and communication problems so he set of with Goidel and 72 scholars to study the confused languages of the world. By then all the scholars who had been at the Tower had dispersed after the fall. His scholars where dispatched to study all languages. Taking the best of each the task was to create a new language, Goidelic, the language of the poets. It was to be the basis of old and middle Irish and later modern Irish.
The old texts tell us that Fenius discovered four alphabets. They were Hebrew, Greek and Latin and the last was Ogham. This was the most perfect as it was the last to be discovered. The great scholar of early Irish History, Donnchadh Ó Corráin was to describe the Irish as the first Europeans. He could perhaps have gone a step futher and suggested the Irish as the first globalists!
THE CURRENT IRISH DIASPORA.
Ireland had a population of some 8.5 million before the Famine in the 1840’s. In addition to the I million who died, I million people emigrated. The emigration has been a recurring fact especially during times of economic hardship. The result of the massive emigration in the 19th century was that by 1890, 40% of Irish born people were living abroad. This carried on throughout the 20th Century so that by the start of the 21st Century, some 80 million people worldwide claim some Irish descent, and in the US some 36 million people claim Irish as their primary ethnicity. One in four US adults have Irish ancestors or relatives, which is over 52 million people.
Exile and immigration are core to the Irish Story. But so is the experience of the people and cultures and mythologies of the world.
IRISH DNA
What the studies of Irish DNA indicate is that because of the history of Invasions and cultural exchanges the Irish have a unique mix of ancestors. These include post ice age explorers, bell- beaker cultural peoples, German Celts, Romans, Vikings both Germans and Norwegians, French and English. Sure didn’t the stories tell us all along what science is able to uncover!
IN SUMMARY
What we hope from the above is to propose that Ireland might be as good a place as any to offer a collection of an Oral Telling of some of the Myths of the World, especially the indigenous Compendium of Stories that describe the “total social situation” and the world view and values of the Culture. The Irish History as a colonised country also surely lends an appropriateness to the location for such a project.
Ireland, like many other colonised countries would have been subject to the colonial agenda that saw no value in the culture, literature and mythology of the colonised peoples. Yet for them, the colonised, these stories represented pretty much all they had, that which was most precious, their spirit and soul, embodied in narrative. The Irish would have a natural empathy for many a culture around the world, the empathy that comes from shared cultural experience!